The Baths of Caracalla


History of Hydrotherapy Earliest Use of the Hot Tub Introduction to Modern Hydrotherapy Understanding the properties and characteristics of water Archimedes Principle Bougier's Theorem Bernoulli's Theorem Reynolds' Theorem Prantiti's Theorem Fronde-zahm's Experiments Pascal's Law Development of the human being against gravity: Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Bronze Age: Use of Hot tubs and Spas in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia Classical Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Early Asian Baths Classical Period: Evolution of Asian Hot Tub Construction Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in the Middle East Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Meso-America In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Basic Design Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Materials Construction of the Baths: Metals Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia The origin of sauna Middle Ages Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Japan Middle Ages: Hot Tub Culture Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia Renaissance Period Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas in France Renaissance Period: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Industrial Age Industrial Age: American Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Age Modern Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Hot Tub, Spa and Sauna Culture: Asia Modern Sauna Culture in Scandanavia Conclusion Sources Health & Beauty Benefits of Exercise in Water Application and Benefits of Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy in Neuropatients Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis Muscle Weakness - Strength Training Poor Balance Poor Posture Decreased Cardiovascular Fitness Progressive Hydrotherapy Exercise Hydrotherapy gait reeducation treatment plan Wrist and Hand Joints Pelvis Knee reconstruction Cervical Spine Injury Lumbar Spine Injury Spinal Fractures Disc Pathology Musculo-Tendinous Injuries Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Hydrotherapy for Treatment of the Lumbopelvic Complex Chronic pain - Pain and Muscle Spasm Oedema Decreased range of movement Head Injury Epilepsy Burns Pediatric Hydrotherapy Head control Breathing control Relaxation through Hydrotherapy Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Hydrotherapy for the Clumsy Child Conclusion		In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla The Baths of Caracalla, located in Regio XII (12th region) south of the Aventine and west of the Via Appia outside the Porta Capena, is the only surviving monument in Rome which can be clearly associated with the emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Pius Felix Augustus, better known as Caracalla. Caracalla reigned for just 6 years, from February of 211 AD to April of 217. During his first year as Emperor he ruled in conjunction with his younger brother Geta and then alone, after he murdered of Geta. He spent much of his reign outside Italy, in Britain, and Germany; and then reigned from the East, where he was eventually assassinated. It is interesting that a new set of thermae (buildings to house their baths), rather than any other kind of building, was chosen to mark his reign. Although the only immediate forerunner of the Baths of Caracalla to survive today is the Baths of Trajan, both Comimodus and Septimius Severus were recorded to have built thermae. Nothing remains of these immediate predecessors; even their exact location is disputed, although it is unlikely that either of them could have compared with the Baths of Caracalla. The Baths of Caracalla was the very first building of this type and on this scale to be completed successfully in over a hundred years. The reign of Caracalla’s father Septimius Severus had, been one of intense construction and renovation in Rome following the great fire of 191, so that there would have been no shortage of skilled building workers to hand. Nevertheless, it was an ambitious decision to set in motion one of the largest single building projects ever undertaken in the city. The complex set a new tone and cultural focus for the region and the broader empire.