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Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia
Japan entered the historical chronicles with the Record of Wei and other early archaeological documents. This was not, of course, the beginning of culture in Japan. Humans have populated the Japanese islands for at least twenty five thousand years and may have been there much longer. Whether people bathed regularly before the Kofun period and how often is unknown. Bathing in the cold water of rivers and streams could have begun at any time in the past; undoubtedly people washed with water, but archaeological evidence of either cold-water washing or hot water bathing in man made hot tubs or natural springs can be difficult to detect. The technology necessary to heat water or make steam for bathing does not differ significantly from that needed for other purposes, such as cooking or the making of pottery, but the leap to using heating technology for hot tubing many not have occurred for some time.
Bathing was, however, a well-developed, elaborate practice in ancient China by the beginning of the Chon dynasty about 1000 B.C. and were numerous terms for various types of bathing. There are a broad range of bathing customs of ancient China that have analogues in Japan—for example, hot spring baths, purification baths before religious ceremonies and at springtime rituals, and baths for newborn nobility. According to the ancient Chinese records other Asian peoples including Cambodians and Koreans, also bathed regularly. Early Japanese steam baths probably developed under the influence of Korean sweat baths, which in turn related to the sweat baths of primitive Siberia, Russia and Scandinavia, and perhaps ultimately to those of the American Indians. Certainly ancient widespread religious practices and materials indicate that many customs through much of East Asia and Japan have a common origin. If, as seems to be the case, people migrated from China through Korea to Japan bringing with them rice agriculture, one is tempted to attribute the similarities of bathing beliefs and practices found in ancient China and Japan to the immigration of these people.
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