Head Injury


History of Hydrotherapy Earliest Use of the Hot Tub Introduction to Modern Hydrotherapy Understanding the properties and characteristics of water Archimedes Principle Bougier's Theorem Bernoulli's Theorem Reynolds' Theorem Prantiti's Theorem Fronde-zahm's Experiments Pascal's Law Development of the human being against gravity: Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Bronze Age: Use of Hot tubs and Spas in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia Classical Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Early Asian Baths Classical Period: Evolution of Asian Hot Tub Construction Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in the Middle East Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Meso-America In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Basic Design Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Materials Construction of the Baths: Metals Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia The origin of sauna Middle Ages Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Japan Middle Ages: Hot Tub Culture Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia Renaissance Period Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas in France Renaissance Period: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Industrial Age Industrial Age: American Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Age Modern Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Hot Tub, Spa and Sauna Culture: Asia Modern Sauna Culture in Scandanavia Conclusion Sources Health & Beauty Benefits of Exercise in Water Application and Benefits of Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy in Neuropatients Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis Muscle Weakness - Strength Training Poor Balance Poor Posture Decreased Cardiovascular Fitness Progressive Hydrotherapy Exercise Hydrotherapy gait reeducation treatment plan Wrist and Hand Joints Pelvis Knee reconstruction Cervical Spine Injury Lumbar Spine Injury Spinal Fractures Disc Pathology Musculo-Tendinous Injuries Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Hydrotherapy for Treatment of the Lumbopelvic Complex Chronic pain - Pain and Muscle Spasm Oedema Decreased range of movement Head Injury Epilepsy Burns Pediatric Hydrotherapy Head control Breathing control Relaxation through Hydrotherapy Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Hydrotherapy for the Clumsy Child Conclusion		Head Injury Use of Hydrotherapy in the Treatment of Head Injuries The number of people sustaining head injuries has increased steadily in recent years. These injuries can arise from automobile, sports or work related accidents. What ever the cause or type of head injury people who survive the accident are frequently left with a number of problems that affect normal functioning and require prolonged treatment. The problems which result from the injury are numerous, complex and tend to change in nature over time. They can be physical, emotional, intellectual and behavioral including personality changes, difficulty in controlling emotion, and varying degrees of intellectual impairment. When taking head-injured persons into water the hydrotherapist need to be aware of the sudden and sometimes violent fluctuations in affect that can occur. In spite of this, Hydrotherapy has a part to play m the treatment of the head injured in the sub-acute phase when consciousness begins to improve. Goals of treatment during the sub-acute phase of the head-injured: (a) reduce spasticity and promote relaxation, (b) encourage movement. (e) improve head control, (d) improve respiration and breathing control, (e) develop stability, balance and coordination (f) re-educate functional activities Contraindications Lack of continence in the head injured is an important contraindication. One of the criteria for treatment is that the person remains continent consistently for two hour periods. In some instances there is a requirement that the person wears some form of protective garment beneath the swimwear. Another contraindication is that of an open wound that cannot be covered. Patients with open contagious infections should not be given hot tub based therapy. The presence of a tracheotomy need not preclude treatment in the water provided a complete seal can be achieved over the opening. Goals of treatment during the rehabilitation phase of the head-injured: (a) reduce spastisty (b) encourage greater mobility, coordination and independence, (c) maintain and improve head control, (d) maintain and increase respiration and breathing control During this rehabilitative phase, hydrotherapeutic activity in water should become less of an individual occupation. The person should be introduced to group work as not only does this provide greater motivation and stimulation, but it also encourages socialization. The joy and freedom of independent movement that can be achieved in water when such movement is difficult or impossible on land should not be denied those who remain severely disabled.