Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures


History of Hydrotherapy Earliest Use of the Hot Tub Introduction to Modern Hydrotherapy Understanding the properties and characteristics of water Archimedes Principle Bougier's Theorem Bernoulli's Theorem Reynolds' Theorem Prantiti's Theorem Fronde-zahm's Experiments Pascal's Law Development of the human being against gravity: Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Bronze Age: Use of Hot tubs and Spas in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia Classical Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Early Asian Baths Classical Period: Evolution of Asian Hot Tub Construction Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in the Middle East Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Meso-America In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Basic Design Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Materials Construction of the Baths: Metals Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia The origin of sauna Middle Ages Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Japan Middle Ages: Hot Tub Culture Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia Renaissance Period Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas in France Renaissance Period: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Industrial Age Industrial Age: American Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Age Modern Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Hot Tub, Spa and Sauna Culture: Asia Modern Sauna Culture in Scandanavia Conclusion Sources Health & Beauty Benefits of Exercise in Water Application and Benefits of Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy in Neuropatients Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis Muscle Weakness - Strength Training Poor Balance Poor Posture Decreased Cardiovascular Fitness Progressive Hydrotherapy Exercise Hydrotherapy gait reeducation treatment plan Wrist and Hand Joints Pelvis Knee reconstruction Cervical Spine Injury Lumbar Spine Injury Spinal Fractures Disc Pathology Musculo-Tendinous Injuries Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Hydrotherapy for Treatment of the Lumbopelvic Complex Chronic pain - Pain and Muscle Spasm Oedema Decreased range of movement Head Injury Epilepsy Burns Pediatric Hydrotherapy Head control Breathing control Relaxation through Hydrotherapy Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Hydrotherapy for the Clumsy Child Conclusion		Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Stress fractures can occur anywhere but manifest predominately in the lower limbs particularly the tibia. Other anatomical sites include the fibula, metatarsals, navicular, calcaneus, femur, patella, pars interarticularis, and ribs. The precise pathophysiology has not been clearly defined but appears related to mechanical overload. If the applied stress stimulates excessive bone resorption in relation to formation then micro-factures may result. Such altered stresses may result from repetitive compression; torsion, ligament tension, muscle hyperactivity or muscle fatigue impairing force attenuation. There may also be intrinsic contributing factors previously discussed. The fundamental principle of rehabilitation is progressive, pain-free activity. Some Hydrotherapy techniques for stress fracture therapy: o 'Conventional' method and Bad Ragaz patterns for joints above and below the fracture site and hydrodynamic exercise. o Progression from buoyancy assisted to buoyancy resisted exercise with alterations of lever length. o Bad Ragaz patterns, from isometric to isotonic and increasing amounts of turbulence appropriately placed around the athlete in while in sitting and standing orientations will stimulate muscle activity as well as balance mechanisms.