Juvenile Chronic Arthritis


History of Hydrotherapy Earliest Use of the Hot Tub Introduction to Modern Hydrotherapy Understanding the properties and characteristics of water Archimedes Principle Bougier's Theorem Bernoulli's Theorem Reynolds' Theorem Prantiti's Theorem Fronde-zahm's Experiments Pascal's Law Development of the human being against gravity: Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Bronze Age: Use of Hot tubs and Spas in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia Classical Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Early Asian Baths Classical Period: Evolution of Asian Hot Tub Construction Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in the Middle East Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Meso-America In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Basic Design Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Materials Construction of the Baths: Metals Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia The origin of sauna Middle Ages Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Japan Middle Ages: Hot Tub Culture Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia Renaissance Period Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas in France Renaissance Period: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Industrial Age Industrial Age: American Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Age Modern Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Hot Tub, Spa and Sauna Culture: Asia Modern Sauna Culture in Scandanavia Conclusion Sources Health & Beauty Benefits of Exercise in Water Application and Benefits of Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy in Neuropatients Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis Muscle Weakness - Strength Training Poor Balance Poor Posture Decreased Cardiovascular Fitness Progressive Hydrotherapy Exercise Hydrotherapy gait reeducation treatment plan Wrist and Hand Joints Pelvis Knee reconstruction Cervical Spine Injury Lumbar Spine Injury Spinal Fractures Disc Pathology Musculo-Tendinous Injuries Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Hydrotherapy for Treatment of the Lumbopelvic Complex Chronic pain - Pain and Muscle Spasm Oedema Decreased range of movement Head Injury Epilepsy Burns Pediatric Hydrotherapy Head control Breathing control Relaxation through Hydrotherapy Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Hydrotherapy for the Clumsy Child Conclusion		Juvenile Chronic Arthritis The inflammatory changes involve soft tissues in and around the joints, bones and articular cartilage. The joints most usually affected are those of knees, hips, ankles, wrists, and cervical spine. The condition may affect a single joint or many joints. The onset of the condition usually occurs at an early age and thus most patients will undergo treatment for a prolonged period of time. Hydrotherapy provides excellent conditions to obviate hurdles to therapy and normal life activities which enrich life, particularly when hydrotherapy exercises can be camouflaged in a program of fun games and group activities which lead on to healing, learning of life skills and general feelings of well being. The warmth of the water provides relief of pain and muscle spasm, and buoyancy relieves the strain on joints, particularity the arthritic weight bearing joints. The aims of Hydrotherapy are to: (a) relieve pain (b) aid relaxation (c) increase range of movement and muscle strength, (d) decrease deformity, (e) improve functional ability. Children may be referred for hydrotherapy while still on bed-rest as they become able to exercise in a non weight bearing situation, and stand and walk while partially weight bearing. The therapist must observe the child's shape and density. Alterations in the former will come about due to the pain, muscle spasm and joint changes. Density may he altered due to the loss of muscle bulk which can result from the decrease in use first caused by pain. In practice, it is advisable to introduce the child to the water gently and quietly at first, observing all the points of handling and entry. The young child in pain will be anxious about going into water and may exhibit fear. A one-to- one relationship within a group situation is desirable, but at first care should be taken to avoid joining a group that contains other extremely active children. An awareness of which joints are most affected is important, and activities directed towards exercising them and strengthening the muscles surrounding them must be selected. As with all children and all water activity, it is advantageous to encourage blowing onto, and into, the water from the earliest time because in addition to the effects on respiration, such action induces the forward movement of the head and encourages flexion of neck and trunk. The range of abduction and adduction of the hip joints may need to be increased and muscle power strengthened If the child is non-weight-bearing due to pain in the hip joints, these can be exercised in supine lying supported by the therapist at the center of balance of the body, with the head resting on the therapist's shoulder. Increasing Muscle Weakness If the child is less and less able to create movement in the water, particularly those movements of vertical and lateral rotation, consequently the child is at greater risk and care must be taken to ensure safety. Facilitation of rolling and forward recovery eventually becomes necessary. As muscle changes take place, so the density of the child alters and there will be a tendency for those parts, which have become less dense, to float higher. Floating is usually easy for the child but, for comfort, happiness and safety, floating should be in the supine position.