Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia


History of Hydrotherapy Earliest Use of the Hot Tub Introduction to Modern Hydrotherapy Understanding the properties and characteristics of water Archimedes Principle Bougier's Theorem Bernoulli's Theorem Reynolds' Theorem Prantiti's Theorem Fronde-zahm's Experiments Pascal's Law Development of the human being against gravity: Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Bronze Age: Use of Hot tubs and Spas in the Mediterranean Bronze Age: Use of Hot Tubs, Saunas and Spas in Asia Classical Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Early Asian Baths Classical Period: Evolution of Asian Hot Tub Construction Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in the Middle East Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Meso-America In Depth: Roman Hot Tub and Spa Construction During the Classical Period The Baths of Caracalla Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Basic Design Construction of the Baths at Caracalla: Materials Construction of the Baths: Metals Classical Period: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia The origin of sauna Middle Ages Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Scandinavia Middle Ages: Use of Spas, Saunas and Hot Tubs in Japan Middle Ages: Hot Tub Culture Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia Renaissance Period Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Renaissance Period: Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas in France Renaissance Period: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Asia Industrial Age Industrial Age: American Use of Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Age Modern Hot Tubs, Spas and Saunas Modern Hot Tub, Spa and Sauna Culture: Asia Modern Sauna Culture in Scandanavia Conclusion Sources Health & Beauty Benefits of Exercise in Water Application and Benefits of Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy in Neuropatients Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases Hydrotherapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis Muscle Weakness - Strength Training Poor Balance Poor Posture Decreased Cardiovascular Fitness Progressive Hydrotherapy Exercise Hydrotherapy gait reeducation treatment plan Wrist and Hand Joints Pelvis Knee reconstruction Cervical Spine Injury Lumbar Spine Injury Spinal Fractures Disc Pathology Musculo-Tendinous Injuries Hydrotherapy in the Rehabilitation of Lower Limb Stress Fractures Hydrotherapy for Treatment of the Lumbopelvic Complex Chronic pain - Pain and Muscle Spasm Oedema Decreased range of movement Head Injury Epilepsy Burns Pediatric Hydrotherapy Head control Breathing control Relaxation through Hydrotherapy Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Hydrotherapy for the Clumsy Child Conclusion		Middle Ages: Hot tub and Spa Culture in Scandinavia The sauna of days gone by was a sacred place for Finns. According to the weekly routine there usually was only one visit to sauna on Saturday evening. Moreover, to heat a smoke sauna for several sessions was a whole day’s operation, an operation demanding its own expertise in the selection of kindling, the laying of the kindling, the adding of firewood and above all an unhurried approach; whoever heated the sauna and bound the birch switches had to have all the time in the world. The taking of sauna itself entailed a certain ritual, which was observed with religious furvor. A proverb has it that one should conduct oneself in sauna as in church — reverently. Going to sauna and partaking of it were social behavior governed by many rules of conduct. In general people were admonished not to be rowdy, curse, gossip, speak evil, break wind or make a noise in sauna. It was customary to teach children by norms and admonitions while in the sauna. Infringements would be punished by the “bogey” or spirit of the sauna, a devil or some other fictitious being thought up to frighten children. Some would greet the sauna before entering or mounting the benches. The recipient of this prayer-like salutation was not primarily the sauna building, but rather the spirit of the sauna or the loyly itself. If anyone fell ill after sauna; it was ascribed to his or her failure to give the appropriate greeting and blessing. The objective was to prevent loyly from entering the wound. While in sauna one must be prepared for the sacred space and the delicate nature of the situation - people were naked, the pores of the human body were open and exuding sweat, defenseless against the evil eye and envy. Adults and older children were expected to bless themselves as they entered sauna. Older folks were said to have made a blessing for the sake of fear. After the some contact with Christianity in the Middle Ages the pagan incantations and blessings were infused with Catholic liturgy, which the later Christian Reformation by no means excised. The loyly words in various regions bristled with the names of saints of the western and eastern Christian churches, led by “Holy Mary virgin, mother, beloved and merciful”. Sometimes help was invoked from both God in Heaven and Grand old Vainamoinen, the Finnish mythical sage. Loyly, self, spirit — the spiritual vocabulary of the Finnish peoples Loyly, that ephemeral vapor rising from the water splashed over the stones of the sauna stove takes on an otherworldly character and seems to establish a connection between the sauna or sweatshed and the Hereafter. The steam arising from the stove, the door of the smoke sauna, the flue or chimney, like the smoke issuing from the open fire, established a symbolic connection between the sacred space of the sauna and its people (microcosmos) - and the sphere of the Hereafter and its inhabitants (macrocosmos). Myths are based on a connection to the gods, the departed and to spirits, which are recounted, incanted and invoked while in the presence of the sauna loyly. It then becomes easier for an individual to recover when the ill or injured person is connected and sharing their malady with the one universe. These Finnish sauna myths make an accounting of the individual Finn’s place in the greater order of things, in his own language and in his own culture into which he was born. Right up until the 1930s Finnish women mostly gave birth in sauna. The midwife was referred to as the sauna wife and the mother to-be as the “sauna woman”. “Sauna time” among the womenfolk might last as much as a week before the child was triumphantly carried into the farmhouse. For women there were more transitions in the sauna than for men: from girl to bride, from bride-to-be to a girl given in marriage, from a girl given in marriage to a wife, from a wife to a “breeding” mother, then to one who suckled an infant. Various functions became attached to various individuals regarding the sauna rituals in the extended family. Sauna was also connected to funeral rites. In some areas the dead were carried into the sauna on a board where trained female family members washed the departed.